Point – to – Point Protocol (PPP)

High- level Data Link Control Protocol (HDLC)

Selective Repeat ARQ Protocol

Go – back – N – automatic repeat request

Stop-and-wait automatic repeat request

Noisy Channels

Stop-and-wait protocol

Simplest Protocol

Noiseless Channels Protocol

Flow and Error Control

Bit stuffing

Framing- Character stuffing

Cyclic Redundancy Check

Hamming code

Delta modulation (Dm)

Pulse code modulation (PCM)